Oral Citations
When giving a speech or presentation - make sure to cite your sources! Citing your sources orally adds to your credibility and prevents plagiarism!
Check out this introductory video on Why, When, and How to include Oral Citations in your speech:
Key Pieces to Include in your Oral Citation
These can be in any order and you may not have all the pieces with every source - but remember to ask yourself, "Can my audience look up this source if they wanted to?" If not, you may need to add more information.
Use the tabs above to get an idea how to cite orally.
Pro Tip! Remember to shake things up when citing to keep your audience engaged. Change up the order in which you introduce citation information!
Scholarly Article Example:
According to a 2020 article in the Harvard Business Review by social psychologist Dr. Eddie Eisen entitled "Supervising in the Modern Corporation," supervisors should curate a collaborative workplace that breaks down social stratification to increase retention.
Book Example:
Part-time employees are more likely to feel a sense of exclusion from the team according to Rosabeth M. Kanter, an ethnologist who has studied corporations for over 3 decades and who summarized her findings on negative company cultures in her 1977 book "Men and Women of the Corporation."
Website Examples:
Government Information:
The 2020 U.S. Census Survey indicates that the number of involuntary part-time employees has risen a staggering 44% since 2007 and is still at pre-recessionary levels.
Court Cases/Legislation:
In Civilians vs. Godzilla, a critical 2019 U.S. Supreme court case, it was determined that Godzilla had no legal grounds to invade New York City.
Company/Organization Site:
According to the decree produced this year by the reptile rights organization "Godzilla is King," the island of Manhattan should begin the removal of humans by 2025 to reinstate the traditional nesting grounds of Godzilla and other large oceanic reptiles. Co-founder of "Godzilla is King", Leslie Mitchell, argues the removal of nesting grounds has contributed to the steep decline in the Godzilla population since 1949.
Newspaper Example:
Investigative reporter Stacey Legacy of the Chicago Tribune said in her May 2021 article "Ninja Turtles in the Windy City" that there have been over 7 reports of weapon-wielding turtles in the Chicago sewers.